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目录
目录 1
第一章 词 7
一、名词 7
（一）Countable and uncountable nouns 7
可数名词和不可数名词 7
（二）Which nouns don't have a plural form? 8
哪些名词没行复数形式？ 8
（三）Describing statistics: nouns 9
描述统计数字：名词 9
（四）Noun confusion 1-money and work 11
名词辨析1---钱和工作 11
（五）Noun confusion 2-advertising, travel and young people 12
名词辨析2---广告、旅行和年轻人 12
二、冠词 13
（一）Are there any special times I should use the? 13
定冠词the的用法 13
（二）Articles: the before general concepts 14
冠词：一般概念名词前的the 14
（三）Articles: a/an before noun phrases 15
冠词：名词短语前的a/an 15
三、介词 16
（一）Prepositions of time and place 16
表时间与地点的介词 16
（二）The preposition “ of ” 17
介词of的用法 17
（三）Using prepositions: with nouns 18
介词：与名词连用 18
（四）Using prepositions: after verbs 19
介词：与动词连用 19
（五）Prepositions after verbs 20
动词与介词的搭配 20
（六）Prepositions after adjectives and nouns 21
形容词和名词与介词的搭配 21
（七）Using prepositions：describing trends and changes 22
介词：描述趋势和变化 22
（八）Describing statistics：using prepositions 23
描述统计数字：介词 23
四、形容词和副词 24
（一）Adjectives and adverbs 24
形容词和副词 24
（二）Noun or adjective？ 25
名词或形容词？ 25
（三）Adjective forms 26
复合形容词的形式 26
五、动词 27
（一）Verb confusion 1-courses and study 27
动词辨析1---课程和学习 27
（二）Verb confusion 2-describing charts and figures 29
动词辨析2---描述表格和数字 29
（三）Verb confusion 3-money and problems 30
动词辨析3---钱和问题 30
（四）Auxiliary verbs 31
助动词 31
（五）How do I use modal verbs? 33
情态动词 33
（六）-ing or to + Infintive? 34
-ing或to +不定式? 34
（七）Verbs after adjectives and prepositions 35
形容词与介词后面的动词形式 35
（八）Describing statistics:verbs 36
描述统计数字：动词 36
（九）Verbs: being and having 37
动词：being和having 37
（十）Singular and plural verb forms 38
单数动词形式和复数动词形式 38
（十一）The gerund or infinitive after allow ,advise, make, suggest? 40
allow, advise, make和suggest后面接动名词或不定式的用法 40
（十二）Stop, try, forget and remember 42
stop, try, forget 和remember的用法 42
六、易混淆词 43
（一）How do I choose between and, but and or? 43
and, but, or的用法 43
（二）Commonly confused verbs: join/attend, give/provide 44
常见易混淆动词：join/attend, give/provide 44
（三）Commonly confused nouns: habits, customs and practices 45
常见易混淆名词：habits, customs和practices 45
（四）Commonly confused nouns: effect, influence and impact 46
常用易混淆名词：effect, influence和impact 46
（五）Commonly confused nouns: time words 47
常见易混淆名词：表时间的词语 47
（六）Using nouns: appearance and communication 48
名词：appearance和communication 48
（七） Using nouns and adjectives: male or men? 49
名词和形容词：male或men? 49
（八）Using nouns and adjectives: Britain, British or Briton? 50
名词和形容词：Britain，British 或Briton? 50
七、其他词 51
（一）Number and amount 51
数字和数量 51
（二） Making comparisons 53
比较 53
（三） Expressing contrast 55
表达对立 55
（四） It, they and them 56
It, they 和them的用法 56
第二章 时态语态 57
一、When do I use the present simple tense? 57
一般现在时 57
二、How do I make a verb passive? 58
动词的被动形式变法 58
三、When do I use the passive? 60
什么时候使用被动语态？ 60
第三章 标点 61
一、Punctuation: commas with discourse markers 61
标点：逗号 61
二、Punctuation: using apostrophes 63
标点：撇号 63
第四章 语法定向翻译 65
一、常见语法错误 65
（一）、双谓语 65
（二）、主谓不一致 65
二、4个必备简单句结构 66
（一）、主语+谓语 66
（二）、主语+谓语+宾语 67
（三）、主语+系动词+表语 68
三、6个高频常用从句 70
（一）、主语从句 70
（二）、宾语从句 72
（三）、表语从句 73
（四）、同位语从句 73
（五）、定语从句 74
（六）、状语从句 76
（七）、章节练习 81
四、4个加分特殊结构 85
（一）、分词结构 85
（二）、虚拟语气 86
（三）、There be句型 87
（四）、章节练习 89
第五章 改错 93
一、双谓语 93
二、主谓不一致 93
三、语态错误 94
四、句子不完整/从句引导错误 98
五、悬垂修饰词 101
六、综合练习 102
第六章 段落定向拓展 112
一、开头段某某 112
二、Conclusion 114
三、Body段某某 117
Answer 124
第一章 124
一、名词 124
二、冠词 125
三、介词 126
四、形容词和副词 129
五、动词 130
六、易混淆词 134
七、其他词 137
第二章 时态语态 138
一、一般现在时 138
二、动词的被动形式变法 138
三、什么时候使用被动语态 139
第三章 标点 139
一、标点：逗号 139
二、标点：撇号 140
第四章 语法定向翻译 140
第五章 改错 140
一、双谓语 140
二、主谓不一致 140
三、语态错误 141
四、句子不完整/从句引导错误 142
五、悬垂修饰词 144
六、综合练习 144
第六章 段落定向拓展 153
一、开头段某某 153
二、Conclusion 154
三、Body段某某 156
第一章 词
一、名词
（一）Countable and uncountable nouns
可数名词和不可数名词
1. 请选出每组中正确的句子。
（1）a. International aid is very important after natural disasters.
b. International aids are very important after natural disasters.
（2）a. Every country has its own customs and behaviors.
b. Every country has its own customs and behavior.
在英语中，很多普通名词都是不可数名词——他们没有复数形式，后面接单数动词形式。这些词包括： aid，behavior, clothing, employment, equipment, furniture, help, information, pollution，software, transport:
A lot of information is available on the internet.
以-ing 结尾、用来描述活动的名词也是不可数名词： advertising, farming, shopping. swimming, training, etc.
This type of farming causes damage to the environment.
有些单词在不同的情况下， 有可数形式［C] ， 也有不可数形式 [U] ：
He has no work experience. （不可数：通过做某事而得到的知识与技能）
Going into hospital is often a stressful experience. （可数：特定的事件或形势）
How much time do you spend commuting? （不可数：小时、分钟等）
How many times do you go each week? （可数：次数）
The waiters all wear local dress. （ 不可数：特定背景下衣服的总称）
She had two bridesmaids in pink dresses. （可数：一件女式衣服）
再如：We often go walking in the country. （单数：乡下）
He's visited a number of countries. （可数：一个国家）
2. 请改正下列句子中的错误。
I didn’t know we were meant to come in evening dresses.
I didn’t know we
3. 请划出下列句子中正确的词语。
1. The shop sells children's clothings/clothing and footwear.
2. In developing countries/country, malaria still kills millions each year.
3. She has 20 years of experiences/experience as a nurse.
4. The company sells specialist softwares/software for computer-aided design.
5. These patients need injections several times/time a day.
6. It has excellent facilities, with all the latest equipments/equipment.
7. Cigarette advertisings/advertising has been banned in many countries.
8. How often do you use public transports/transport?
（二）Which nouns don't have a plural form?
哪些名词没行复数形式？
1. 请选出每组中正确的句子。
（1）a. I don't have many time to complete my assignment.
b. I don't have much time to complete my assignment.
（2）a. When I did a search on my computer, 1 could only find a few informations about the topic.
b. When I did a search on my computer, I could only find a little information about the topic.
在英语中，有些名词是“不可数的”，也就是说这些名词没有复数形式。常见的不可数名词有： advice, advertising, food, furniture, garbage, information, knowledge, money, shopping, time, traffic, travel等。
不可数名词必须使用以下形式：
·单数形式：food, information, money
·与a little /amount of/much/some等连用: How much money do you have?
The amount of traffic on the roads is increasing each year.
·单数动词：There was already a little furniture in the flat.
如果一个名词是不可数的，则不能使用以下形式：
·复数形式: advives, furniturs, garbages，informations, knowledges
·与a /an 连用: an advice, a garbage, a knowledge
·与a few/many/number of 连用: a few shopping, many traffic, the number of knowledge
·与数字连用： three travels, four furniture
·与复数动词连用: There were a little furniture in the flat.
☆ 注意：假如在不可数名词前面加数字的话，可以使用a piece of /some /a few piece of: a piece of advice, three pieces of furniture, a few pieces of garbage
2. 请改正下列句子中的错误。
The number of garbages we produce is increasing.
The we produce is increasing.
3. 请改正下列句子中的错误，每句话可能不止一处错误。
1. My tutor was very helpful; he gave me one very good advice about how to study.
2. I was surprised by the number of times it took us to reach the castle.
3. You need a great deal of knowledges to become a doctor.
4. The informations we were given by the tour guide were not very helpful.
5. When we visited the park, we were upset to see so many garbages left there.
6. We arrived late because there were so many traffic on the road.
7. I can't wait to visit the market and do a few shopping.
8. The furnitures in the hotel room were quite old but they were very comfortable.
（三）Describing statistics: nouns
描述统计数字：名词
1. 请选出每组中正确的句子。
（1）a. Only four percentage of prisoners are women.
b. Only four percent of prisoners are women.
（2）a. The pie chart illustrates how electricity is used.
b. The pie graph illustrates how electricity is used.
在数字后面用percent（百分比）或符号％ ：
Sales fell by two percent / 2% last year.
Percentage（百分比）用于描述部分与整体的比例关系，即部分所占整体的百分之多少：
The chart shows the percentage of households with more than one cat.
Proportion（比例）也用于描述部分所占整体的比例：
Which country has the highest proportion of people living in poverty?
Rate用千描述某物发生的频率和速度，也可以作为衡量其他事物的尺度：
The rate of growth is slower in developing countries.
再如：the unemployment/crime rate, the birth/death ra 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 by machines or software programs. For example, self-driving vehicles are expected to cause redundancies in driving jobs, such as lorry drivers, taxi drivers and bus drivers. In the medium term, if intelligent technologies gradually take jobs away from humans, we may find that people become deskilled and lose their sense of purpose in life. A longer term fear is that computers become so intelligent that they begin to make decisions without human oversight and without regard for our well-being.
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