情态动词和虚拟语气（含答案）
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2021届高考英语专题讲义
情态动词和虚拟语气
考点一：情态动词的推测用法
must 只用于肯定句表示推测，意为：一定，准是。
例：You must be tired after your long walk.
He must be doing his homework now.
He must have worked very hard in the past few weeks.
can/could can表示具体事情发生的可能，常用于否定句、疑问句，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等语气。can表示理论上的可能时可用于肯定句。could表示推测时比can可能性小，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
例：That can't be true.（具体事情发生的可能，表示不相信）
He can’t be listening to me.
George can’t have gone too far . His coffee is still warm .
Accidents can happen in this weather.这种天气可能会发生事故。（理论上的可能性）
may & might 表推测时只用于肯定句意为“可能"和否定句意为“可能不”，如表达“不可能”则用can't 。
例：This coat may be Peter's./This coat may not be Peter's.
I knew she was in because I heard the radio, but she didn’t open the door. She may not have heard the bell.
考点二：情态动词的特殊用法
1）may表示“祝愿”，其结构为：May+主语+动词原形。
例：May you succeed！祝你成功！
2）用于固定句型中：may/might as well do不妨，还是做…为好；may/might well+ do（=be very likely to do）很有可能做。
例：So you might as well do what you love.所以你不妨做你喜欢的事情。
Her appearance has changed so much that you might well not recognize her.
她的模样变化如此大，你很有可能认不出她了。
3）must表“坚持”，意为：偏要，非要。
例：Must you make so much noise？你就非得弄出这么大声吗？
4）can用于固定句型中：can't…too/enough（无论……也不为过）；can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事；can't help but do sth.不得不做某事；cannot/could not but do sth.不得不做某事。
例：I can't thank him too much.我怎么感谢他也不为过。
I could not but admire her.我不得不佩服她。
5）shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的意志，用来表达说话者给对方的命令、警告、允诺等。在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应该；必须”
例：You shall have a new dress for your birthday.你过生日一定会有件新连衣裙。
Each competitor shall wear a number.每个参赛者要戴一个号码。（规定）
6).should 表示说话人的惊讶、难以置信等情绪，意为：竟然
例：It's strange that he should be late.真奇怪，他竟然会迟到。
考点三.“情态动词+have done”用法
情态动词+have done
含义
例句
must have done
想必/准是/一定做了（推测）
It must have rained last night, for the road is quite muddy. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为路很泥泞。
can/could have done
过去不可能做过（否定）
过去可能做过…吗？（疑问）
（推测）
1. He cannot have forgotten it.他不可能忘了那件事。
2. Can he have gone to his aunt's?他有可能去他姨妈家了吗？
could have done
本来能够做但是未做（虚拟）
You could have finished your work yesterday.你本来可以昨天完成工作的。
may/might have done
过去可能做过（肯定）（推测）
过去可能没做过（否定）
It's too late. I think he may have gone to bed.太晚了，我想他或许已经睡了。
He may not have finished the work.他也许还没完成那项工作。
should/ought to have done
本该做而实际未做（虚拟）
You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.
should not/ought not to have done
本不该做而做了（虚拟）
You shouldn't have told her the truth.你本不该告诉她真相。
needn't have done
本不必做而做了（虚拟）
You needn't have taken a taxi here, for it was just one kilometre from my home.
考点四：虚拟语气
（一）、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中
从句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
例句
与现在事实相反
过去式（be动词用were）
would/should/
could/might
动词原形
If I were you，I would seize the chance.如果我是你，我就会抓住这个机会。
与过去事实相反
had+过去式
would/should/
could/might
have+过去分词
If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't have failed.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会失败。
与将来事实相反
①过去式
②should +动
词原形
③were to+动
词原形
would/should/
could/might
动词原形
If he shouldn't come tomorrow，we would put off the meeting.
如果他明天不来，我们就推迟这个会议。
使用虚拟语气条件句时要注意的几点：
1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，这种句子被称为“错综时间条件句"，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整
例：If you had followed my advice you would be better now.
如果你听了我的建议，你现在就好一些了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
2.在if引导的非真实条件从句中，谓语动词含were，had，should，可将if省略，但需将were，had，should提到主语之前
例：If I were at school again，I would study harder. →Were I at school again，I would study harder.
如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。
3.有时假设的条件并不总是通过if引导的条件从句表达，而是隐含在某些词、短语或上下文中，此种句子为“含蓄条件句”，常见的词或短语有：without，in case，but for，for fear that，otherwise等
例：Without your help，we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.
= But for your help，...
=If it had not been for your help，...
=Had it not been for your help，...
没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
(二)as if/as though +从句的虚拟语气：
as if/as though +从句的虚拟语气
从句谓语动词时态
例句
与现在事实相反
从句一般用过去时
He looks as if he were an artist.他看上去好像是名艺术家。
与过去事实相反
从句用过去完成时
She speaks English so fluently as if she had stayed in America for a long time.
她说英语如此流利，好像她在美国待过很长时间似的。
与将来事实相反
从句用would/could/might+do
He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.
他如此努力学习英语，就好像他要去美国。
注意：当句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生的或存在的事实时，as if从句要用陈述语气。
例：It seems as if it is going to rain.天似乎要下雨。 He walks as if he is drunk.他走起路来像是醉了。
（三）would rather (that)+从句的虚拟语气
would rather +从句的虚拟语气
从句谓语动词时态
例句
与现在事实相反
从句用一般过去时
I'd rather they didn't hear of the news.我宁愿他们没有听到这个消息。
与过去事实相反
用过去完成时
I'd rather I had not told him the bad news.我宁愿没有告诉过他那个坏消息。
与将来事实相反
从句用一般过去时
I’d rather you left tomorrow.
（四）wish/how I wish/if only+从句的虚拟语气
从句谓语时态
例句
从句谓语动作与主句谓语动作同时发生
用过去式（be动词用were）
If only/How I wish I were a flying bird！我多希望我是一只会飞的鸟儿啊！
从句谓语动作先于主句谓语动作发生
had+过去分词
If only I had seen the film！=How I wish I had seen the film！
我要是看过那部电影该多好啊！
从句谓语动作后于主句谓语动作发生
could/would+动词原形
I wish I would be admitted into a key university.我希望我能被重点大学录取。
（五）表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的名词性从句中的虚拟语气用 should+do, should可以省略。
类别
名词性从句谓语动词形式
例句
一坚持：insist
should+动词原形（should可以省略）
He suggested that we（should）start off early the next day.
His suggestion was that we（should）start off early the next day.It was suggested that we（should）start off early the next day.
二命令：order, command
四建议：advise, suggest, propose, recommend
四要求：require, request, demand, ask
注意：suggest作“暗示，表明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，后面宾语从句的谓语动词不使用虚拟语气形式（should+动词原形），而使用陈述语气。
例：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
他脸上的微笑暗示着他对我们的工作很满意。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那个人坚持说他从来没有偷过钱。
（六）It is(high)time+that+从句的虚拟语气
从句谓语形式用过去式或should+动词原形，且should不能省略
例句：It is（high）time that you went/should go to school.你们该去上学了
（七）It is necessary/important/vital/surprising/strange/natural/a pity/essential等+that从句”中，that从句的谓语动词用"should+动词原形"，should可以省略。should表示感情色彩，意为：竟然。
例：It is strange that the meeting（should）be put off till next week.
那个会议竟然被推迟到下周，真奇怪。
It is a pity that you（should）have to leave.真遗憾你非得走。
情态动词和虚拟语气专项练习
一 单句语法填空
1．（2020·XX省高考真题）If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I wouldn’t be where I (be).
2．（2020·XX高考真题）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
3．（2019·XX高考真题）Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I (be)there.
4．（2018·XX高考真题）—What’s wrong with the door?—The key has got stuck in it and ______ not come out.
5．（2016·XX高考真题）I love the weekend, because I _________ not get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
6．（2019·XX高考真题）Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must (practise)many times last week.
7．（2015·江苏高考真题） It might have saved me some trouble had I (know) the schedule.
8．（2017·江苏高考）_______ (be)it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
9．（2016·浙江高考真题）Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths would not ________ (fall)since their highest in 2005.
10．（2018·XX）Jane wishes that she ______ (study)foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.
11.(2018·XX)In today's information age, the loss of data ________ cause serious problems for a company.
12.It is high time that we (talk) about the problem.
13.(2015·XX)You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
14.(2017.**_* Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf.
15.(2016.**_* Then he and my mother have a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.
16.I promise Shirley ________get a new iPod on her birthday.
17.(2018.江苏) It’s strange that he have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
18.(2016.全国卷三) Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
19.(2018·XX)If we ________ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.
20.(2017·XX)If the new safety system ________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
21.(2015·四川) If you (be) me, would you talk to them？
22.（2018·XX）They might have found a better hotel if they _________（drive） a few more kilometers.
23.（ 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 riven 23.have had 24.have accomplished 25.focused 26.go
have left 28. be taken 29.have worried 30. must
答案二：
1.It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
2.I couldn't have gone through the hard times but for my teacher's generous and timely help.
3.He walked as if he had bought the school.
4.It is required by law that a driving test should be taken before a man gets a license.
5．I'm surprised that he should say those impolite words to his deskmate．
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