初中被动语态讲解及练习

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被动语态

一、概念：

语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。

二、主动句变为被动句的步骤：

1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语　　2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。　　

3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。

4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。

三、被动语态的用法：

　　1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词

We clean our classroom every day.

My mother asks me to study hard.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

　　A new shop was built last year.

3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词

　　This book has been translated into many languages.

　　Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

　　A new hospital will be built in our city. 　　

Many more trees will be planted next year.

5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

Young trees must be watered often. 　　Your mistakes should be corrected right now.

The door may be locked inside. 　　

Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

There are two books to be read.

There are twenty more trees to be planted.

3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词

不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动

语态时，须加上to 。例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 ?(must?not?put)?here.??

17.?A?beautiful?horse? ?(draw)?by?John?next?day.??

18.?This?kind?of?machine? (can?made)?by?uncle?Wang.?? ?

19.?Mr.?Green? ?(open)?two?new?school.??

20.?The?PLA?______?______?(found)?on?August?1st,1927.

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