10月8日-10月15日长难句
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10月8日-10月15日长难句
10月8日长难句
【今日长难句】
By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths.
【分子分析】
1. 句子主干为and连接的并列句：the population will be two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, //and//the nation will find it difficult to expand food production；前半句为主系表结构，后半句为主谓宾宾补结构。
2. …find it difficult to … ：it为形式宾语，to do sth. 为真正宾语
3. by 2001为句子的时间状语；at least 修饰 two hundred fifty million；目的状语：to fill the additional mouths 修饰to expand food production
【重难点词汇】
expand food production 扩大食物生产
fill 满足，填满
additional 多余的，额外的
【参考译文】
By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths.
到2001年美国人口将至少达到2亿5千万，也可能是2亿7千万。那时，美国将很难扩大食品生产来满足人口增长的需要。
10月9日长难句
【昨日回顾】
By 2001, the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million, and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths.
到2001年美国人口将至少达到2亿5千万，也可能是2亿7千万。那时，美国将很难扩大食品生产来满足人口增长的需要。
【今日长难句】
This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.
【分子分析】
1. 主句为主系表结构=this /will be /particularly true；其中this指代上句的后半部分，译为：这种困境
2. since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture 为since引导的原因状语从句，修饰主句;
3. in the high energy American fashion 为介词短语充当方式状语，修饰continue agriculture，译为：以高耗能的美国方式
4 .that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields 为that引导的定语从句，修饰American fashion, 译为：使得只有少数农民工作就能获得高产成为可能。
【重难点词汇】
pinch n.匮乏
particularly adv. 尤其地
agriculture n.农业
fashion n. 时尚；样式
yield n.产量
【参考译文】
This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.
这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能消费的美国耕作方式继续下去了，而这种方式可以投入少数农民就获得高产。
10月10日长难句
【昨日回顾】
This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.
这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能消费的美国耕作方式继续下去了，而这种方式可以投入少数农民就获得高产。
【今日长难句】
It seems almost certain that by 2001 the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt-tightening at home.
【分子分析】
1. 句子主干：it seems almost certain that …and that …; 其中it充当形式主语，that …and that 为并列的主语从句，充当正真的主语。
2. that 主语从句1主干为：the United States will no longer be a food exporting nation
3. that主语从句2主干为：it will be at the price of belt-tightening.?
4. 修饰成分：by 2001 为时间状语修饰that主语从句1；if necessity forces exports, 为主语从句2的条件状语从句；at home 译为：国内；修饰 belt-tightening
【重难点词汇】
exporting nation 出口国
necessity n. 需要；必然性
force vt.强加；强迫
at the price of …以……为代价
belt-tightening adj. 节省开支的
【参考译文】
It seems almost certain that by 2001 the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt-tightening at home.
几乎可以肯定，到2001年美国将再也不是一个食品输出国;如果必须出口的话，那么其代价就是美国国内人民将勒紧裤带(或压缩国内的食品供应)。
10月11日长难句
【昨日回顾】
It seems almost certain that by 2001 the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt-tightening at home.
几乎可以肯定，到2001年美国将再也不是一个食品输出国;如果必须出口的话，那么其代价就是美国国内人民将勒紧裤带(或压缩国内的食品供应)。
【今日长难句】
In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavoring additives. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all，people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.
【分子分析】
1. 首句主干：there is very likely to be increasing use of flavoring additives. 修饰成分：in fact = 事实上；做整个句子的状语成分
as 引导原因状语从句
2. 主干：people will have to accept more “unnatural food”；修饰成分：until such time as … 译为：直到某一个时间点；引导主句的时间状语从句；where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all 为定语从句，修饰the point
【重难点词汇】
as conj. 因为
food items 食物项目= 食物
end to 以……结束
decline vi/n. 下降
quality n. 质量
decrease vi. 下降
variety n. 种类
be likely to … 有可能……
flavoring 调味的
addictive n.添加剂，添加物
until such time as … 直到……
lower vt. 降低
unnatural adj. 不自然的；人造的
【参考译文】
In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavoring additives. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all，people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.
实际上，由于各种食品会最终质量下降、品种减少，因此调味添加物的使用就可能增多。除非人类能意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：即地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食；否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造/非纯天然食品”。
10月12日长难句
【昨日回顾】
In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavoring additives. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all，people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.
实际上，由于各种食品会最终质量下降、品种减少，因此调味添加物的使用就可能增多。除非人类能意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：即地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食；否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造/非纯天然食品”
【今日长难句】
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
【句子分析】
1. 首句主干：people have wondered how their personalities, and behaviors are formed. 修饰成分：for a long time 修饰谓语动词 wonder
2. 二句主干：it is not easy to explain why … or why …；其中，it为形式主语，to explain …为真正主语，两个why分别引导explain的两个宾语从句。
3. it is not easy to do sth. 可译为无主语句，即“很难解释”也可以添加主语，译为“人们很难解释”。
【重点词汇】
wonder vt. 怀疑；想知道
personality n. 个性；品格
behavior n. 行为
form vt. 形成
intelligent adj. 智能的；聪明的
cooperative adj. 合作的
competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争心的
【译文】
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
长期以来，人们一直想知道他们的性格特征和行为模式是怎样形成的。（人们）很难解释一个聪明而另一个人愚蠢的原因，或者也很难解释一个人有协作精神，而另一个人喜欢竞争的原因。
10月13日长难句
【昨日回顾】
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
长期以来，人们一直想知道他们的性格特征和行为模式是怎样形成的。（人们）很难解释一个聪明而另一个人愚蠢的原因，或者也很难解释一个人有协作精神，而另一个人喜欢竞争的原因。
【今日长难句】
That our environment has little，if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
【句子分析】
1. 首句主干为“主+系+表”结构= that our environment has little to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior + is +central to this theory. 其中“that” 引导主语从句。修饰成分：if anything 为插入成分，做补充说明。
2. 二句句子主干为“主谓宾”= this theory /maintains /that our behavior is predetermined. 修饰成分：taken to an extreme 为v-ed形式状语，= if this theory is taken to an extreme, 译为：“极端的是”或“从极端的角度来看”；to such a degree 的原形为to a degree 表：在某种程度上；such … that …译为：如此……以至于。其中that引导结果状语从句
【重点词汇】
environment n. 环境
have something to do with … 与……相关
characteristic n. 性格，特征
central adj. 中心的，核心的
theory n. 理论
taken to an extreme 极端的是，
theory n. 理论
maintain vt. 维持；继续；维修；主张；
predetermine vt. 预先设定，预先确定
govern vt. 管理，支配，统治
instinct n. 本能
【译文】
译文1：我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有任何关系的话，也是微不足道的。这是该理论的核心。这种理论甚至极端地坚持认为，我们的行为模式在很大程度上是先天决定的;因此，我们几乎完全受我们的本能所支配。
译文2：这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。极端的是，这种理论坚持认为，我们的行为模式在很大程度上是先天决定的;因此，我们几乎完全受我们的本能所支配。
10月14日长难句
【昨 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 ：像机器一样；as the basis of their behavior 为as 引导的介词短语，修饰整句话，直译为：作为他们行为的基础，意译为：是他们行为的基础。
【基础必备词】
behaviorist n.行为主义者
humans n.人类
beings n. (任何真实或虚构的) 生物
shape vt. 塑造
surroundings n. 周围环境
maintain vt. 维持；维修；主张
respond vi. 回答；作出反应；
stimuli n. 刺激；刺激物；促进因素（stimulus的复数）
【参考译文】
A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
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