语法ppt 文字部分
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条件句
条件句（Conditional)，是由“条件状语分句＋主句”构成的复杂句。条件状语分句可以由if,provided(that),in case,as/so long as,useless等等从属连词引导。
本讲只提if分句，向大家介绍四种类型条件句。
Type I第一种类型条件句
该种条件句中，if≈whenever
(whenever-型）
表示普遍真理和客观事实
Eg.If you heat ice,it melts.
If you pour oil on water,it floats.
▲不受时间限制的自然法则的条件句
(If)simple present＋（Main)simple present
表示现在习惯动作
Eg.If I make a promise,I keep it.
If it rains ,I go to work by car.
▲(If)simple present＋（Main)simple present
表示过去习惯动作
Eg.If it rained,I went to work by car.
If I was hungry,I usually had a full meal.
▲(If)simple past＋（Main)simple past
Type II第二种类型条件句
基本形式(Basic Form)
变体形式(Variant Form)
替换形式(Alternative Form)
基本形式
if-分句用一般现在时表将来时间 ，主句用shall/will/can/may等＋不定式
Eg.If we catch the 10o’clock train ,we shall(will,can,etc) get there by lunch-time.
▲(If)simple present＋（Main)shall/will,etc＋inf
if-分句用一般现在时表将来时间，主句用动词祈使式
Eg.If you meet some friends of mine in London ,introduce yourself to them.
▲(If)simple present＋（Main)imperative
变体形式
if-分句动词不管主语的人称和数如何，一律用should＋不定式，主句动词可采用不同形式
▲should仅表示一种不太肯定的婉转口气，不影响条件的真实性
Eg.If it should rain again ,the flowers will bloom.
If he should come tomorrow,I would tell him everything.
在if-分句中用“will＋不定式”并不单纯表将来意义，这里will是表“意愿”的情态助动词，相当于be willing to do
Eg.If my father will give me permission,I shall spend a few months abroad.
If he will accept the nomination,a lot of electors will vote for him.
If you would kindly wait a moment,I’ll see what I can do.
这里would表”意愿“，常用于客气的请求
主句动词既可用will/shall＋不定式，也可用would/should/could/might＋不定式
Eg.I 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 well you’d have gone with him,wouldn’t you?
变体形式
(If) were to have ＋ -ed分词＋（Main) would (could,might,etc) have ＋-ed分词
Eg.If you were to have asked me , I would have been only too willing to help.
If you were have to have explained your problem to me , I wwould have been able to help you.
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