阅读理解猜测词义类题型专题讲义 届高考英语二轮复习
以下为《阅读理解猜测词义类题型专题讲义 届高考英语二轮复习》的无排版文字预览，完整内容请下载
阅读理解猜测词义类题型专题讲义
猜测词义题命题的常见方式
The word “...” refers to/probably means ...
The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by...
What do you think the expression “...” stand for?
By saying “...” we mean...
“...” as used in the passage can best be defined as...
Which is the following word can take the place of the word “...” ?
... ...
猜测词义的常见思路
联系上下文语境
词汇自身角度
（1）构词法
合成：指由两个或两个以上的具有独立含义的单词组合成一个新的单词。主要有合成动词、合成形容词、合成名词等等。
派生：指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词。
熟词僻义
常见前缀可能表达的含义
a-
表示“在……之上”，“向……”
aboard, aside
anti-
反、反对；对立
antiwar, antibacterial, antibody
auto-
自己的，自动的
autobiography, automatic, automobile
by
次要的，副的；边，侧
by-product, bypass, bystander
co-
和一起、共同
co-produced, coexist, cooperate
dis-
不，非，相反
dishonest, disadvantage
il /im/in/ir
不，非，无
impossible, illegal, irresponsible, incorrect
inter
在……之间；相互
interact, interfere, international
re-
又，再，重新
reconsider, reconstruction
trans-
横过，跨越
transnational, transform
常见后缀可能表达的含义
名词
-ability/-ibility
能力，可能性，适应性
disability, possibility, responsibility,
-ation/-tion/-sion
……行为，状况，过程
definition, explanation, admission, application
-ment
结果，过程，组织
achievement, argument, improvement
-ness
状态、性质、程度
kindness, blindness
-ship
表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”
hardship, membership, friendship
-th
表示“动作，性质，过程，状态”
depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
形容词
-able, -ible
可……的
movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible
-ant, -ent
是……的，做……的
distant, important, excellent
-al
具有……特征的
natural, additional, educational
-ish
有关……的
foolish, bookish, selfish
动词
-en
表示“使成为，引起，使
有”
quicken, weaken, soften, harden
-fy
使……化
beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
-ish
表动作
establish, publish
-ize/-ise
使……化
organize, apologize
副词
-ly
以……方式
possibly, swiftly, simply
-ward, -wards
朝……方向
downward, inwards, upward
五、猜测词义类题型常见具体解题方法
利用上下文语境线索
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析来推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是常见猜测词义的方法。
Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection. “We’ve collected foreign coins for years—since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”
The underlined word “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _______.
A. story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin
答案：由原文中的Euro（欧元，欧洲统一货币）可推知该词是一种在欧元发行前使用的钱币。本题正确答案为D。
根据定义或解释猜测词义
阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is, mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示。
In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.
答案：根据上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是 “困境”。
The herdsman,who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
答案：定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman 的词义为“牧羊人”。
利用逻辑关系 * 因果关系
Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
答案：根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的”。
批注：因果关系的语境，通常由because, since, as, for, due to, thus, so, therefore, so that, so / such… that… 等连词体现。
* 转折关系
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
答案：该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语in contrast(相对照的，相对比的)提示我们supercilious和后面词组humble and modest（谦卑又谦虚）是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。
* 同等关系
Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
答案：为避免重复使用endanger一词用其同义词jeopardize来替代它，由此推知jeopardize词义为“使……陷入危险，危及、危害”。
* 例证关系
Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently.
答案：通过例举Mr. Simpson一人通晓五国语言，说明许多联合国雇员都是“通晓多国语言的人”。
【牛刀小试】
In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world’s greatest mathematical problem: Fermat’s Last Theorem （定理） first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the 17th century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.
Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?
A. To encourage people to raise questions.
B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
答案：本题正确答案为B。 从短文中对Fermat’s Last Theorem一书的介绍中有the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds一句，句中两个并列的谓语动词baffled 和beaten，意义相同，加强语气，从beat的本意就可以猜测出baffled 为“使（某人）困惑，难倒”。
A bike tour and race will be held in August 26 and 27. At 5:30 a .m. , the riders will leave Tian’an Men square and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training leg . Then the next 55 kilometers from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competitive part of the tour.
A. race B. practice C. part of the training D. part of the tour
答案：本题正确答案为D。从first 35 kilometers可看出，自行车赛车手从天安门出发，开始的三十五公里作为赛程的一部分，从后句…leg…will be …part of the tour也可确定答案为D。
【巩固练习】
A
My mother believed you could be anything you wanted to be in America. America was where all my mother’s hopes lay. She had come here in 1949 after losing everything in China. But she never looked back with regret. There were so many ways for things to get better.
“Of course you can be a prodigy, too,” my mother told me when I was nine. “You can be best at anything.” We didn’t immediately pick the right kind of prodigy. At first my mother thought I could be a Chinese Shirley Temple. We’d watch Shirley’s old movies on TV as though they were training films. My mother would poke my arm and say, “Ni kan” — You watch. And I would see Shirley tapping her feet, or singing a sailor song, or pursing her lips into a very round O while saying, “Oh my goodness.”
Soon after my mother got this idea about Shirley Temple, she took me to a beauty training school and put me in the hands of a student who could barely hold the scissors without shaking. Instead of getting big fat curls, I emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz. My mother dragged me off to the bathroom and tried to wet down my hair.
“You look like Negro Chinese,” she lamented, as if I had done this on purpose.In fact, in the beginning, I was just as excited as my mother, maybe even more so. I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size. I was a dainty ballerina girl standing by the curtains, waiting to hear the right music that would send me floating on my tiptoes. I was Cinderella stepping from her pumpkin carriage with sparkly cartoon music filling the air.
In all of my imaginings, I was filled with a sense that I would soon become perfect. My mother and father would adore me. I would be beyond reproach. I would never feel the need to sulk for anything.
But sometimes the prodigy in me became impatient. “If you don’t hurry up and get me out of here, I’m disappearing for good,” it warned. “And then you’ll always be nothing.”
Every night after dinner, my mother and I would sit at the Formica kitchen table. She would present new tests, taking her examples from stories of amazing children she had read and a dozen other magazines she kept in a pile in our bathroom. My mother got these magazines from people whose houses she cleaned. She would look through them all, searching for stories about remarkable children.
The first night she brought out a story about a three-year-old boy who knew the capitals of all the states and even most of the European countries. A teacher was quoted as saying the little boy could also pronounce the names of the foreign cities correctly.
“What’s the capital of Finland?” my mother asked me, looking at the magazine story.
All I knew was the capital of Califo 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 . 词义猜测题。根据They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.可知：法律规定美不应该被定义为不以伤害健康为最终结果的外貌。所以选D合适。
3. 推理判断题。根据CFW可定位到最后一段的The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW)，以及In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models.可知C项不是他们规定的，故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。本篇文章内容是法国对于美的定义发生了改变，所以选A项。
[文章尾部最后500字内容到此结束,中间部分内容请查看底下的图片预览]请点击下方选择您需要的文档下载。
- Word版-田字格模板-免费下
- 议论文题目
- 高中作文经典句型
- 七下U1作文Word 文档
- 英语预案助学单
- 总结-英语教师课堂用语
- 英语听说读写计划
- 教学设计课题NewZealand
- Moduel9 Unit1 Unit1 Reading 教学设计
- 九年级英语 unit 4 section A-1 教案设计
- 九年级英语 unit 4 section A-1 教案设计
- 2019——2020学年第一学期八年级英语期末测试题（WORD无听力，有答案和部分解析）
- Moduel9 Unit1 Unit1 Reading 教学设计
- Uite 6 Section A 教案
- Uite 6 Section A 教案
- Unit 4 At Table教学设计
- 四级词汇词根词义
以上为《阅读理解猜测词义类题型专题讲义 届高考英语二轮复习》的无排版文字预览，完整内容请下载
阅读理解猜测词义类题型专题讲义 届高考英语二轮复习由用户“yihan5060013”分享发布，转载请注明出处- Word版-田字格模板-免费下
- 议论文题目
- 高中作文经典句型
- 七下U1作文Word 文档
- 英语预案助学单
- 总结-英语教师课堂用语
- 英语听说读写计划
- 教学设计课题NewZealand
- Moduel9 Unit1 Unit1 Reading 教学设计
- 九年级英语 unit 4 section A-1 教案设计
- 九年级英语 unit 4 section A-1 教案设计
- 2019——2020学年第一学期八年级英语期末测试题（WORD无听力，有答案和部分解析）
- Moduel9 Unit1 Unit1 Reading 教学设计
- Uite 6 Section A 教案
- Uite 6 Section A 教案
- Unit 4 At Table教学设计
- 四级词汇词根词义