《公共物品》课件PPT
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专题一公共物品 Public GoodsCopyright ? 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin公共物品的性质 Characteristics of Goods排他性vs.非排他性Excludable vs. Nonexcludable
排他性Excludable – preventing anyone from consuming the good is relatively easy
非排他性Nonexcludable – preventing anyone from consuming the good is either very expensive or impossible
竞争性vs.非竞争性Rival vs. Nonrival
竞争性Rival – once provided, the additional resource cost of another person consuming the good is positive
非竞争性Nonrival – once provided, the additional resource cost of another person consuming the good is zero0物品的类型Types of GoodsPRIVATE GOODS
私人物品PUBLIC GOODS
公共物品COMMON RESOURCES
共同资源NATURAL
MONOPOLY
自然垄断值得注意的一些问题 Noteworthy Aspects of Public Goods尽管每个人都消费相同数量的商品，但它并不需要被所有人认为是相同价值的 Even though everyone consumes the same quantity of the good, it need not be valued equally by all
作为公共物品的分类并不是绝对的; 这取决于市场条件和技术状态Classification as a public good is not absolute; it depends on market conditions and the state of technology
不纯的公共物品impure public good
商品可以满足公共物品定义的一部分，但不能满足其他部分A commodity can satisfy one part of the definition of a public good but not the other值得注意的一些问题 Noteworthy Aspects of Public Goods有些传统上不被认为是商品的东西具有公共利益特征Some things that are not conventionally thought of as commodities have public good characteristics
私人产品并非总是由私营部门提供Private goods are not always provided only by the privat 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 publicly or privately?
市场环境Market EnvironmentPreference Revelation Mechanisms 偏好启示机制?TEve = MRTra – (MRSraTotal – MRSraEve)
Eve’s choice: ?TEve = MRSraEve
By substitution: MRTra – (MRSraTotal – MRSraEve) = MRSraEve
Add (MRSraTotal – MRSraEve) to both sides: MRTra = MRSraTotal
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