英语语法从句讲解
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从 句
从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类:
即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。
引导从句的词称作关联句.
一、名词性从句
引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括:
从属连词that, if, whether;
连接代词who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,whose;
连接副词where, when, why, how。
其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,
而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分.
That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising.
The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party.
I don't know if he will attend the meeting.
Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom?
你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句)
[提示]
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末.
It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语)
2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。
He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here.
3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语
从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。
I don't know whether (if) she is at home.
Whether she comes or not makes no difference.
4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。
He always means what he says.
She suggested (that) he do it at once.
5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常某某在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。
We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.
The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
二、定语从句
引导定语从句的关联词包括:
(1)关系代词:that, which, whose, who, whom, as;
(2)关系副词:when, where, why。
关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成分,
关系代词在句中充当动词的宾语时, 一般可省去。
关系代词的选用比较复杂, 它受 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 t引导的结果状语从句只能置于句末。
He left early so that he could catch the train.
他早早动身, 以便能赶上车。(目的)
He left early, so that he caught the train.
他早早动身, 赶上了火车。(结果)
(七)方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if(though), the way, how。
He made some changes as you had suggested.
She was behaving as if (though) she hadn't grown up.
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