【培优讲义】高中英语完形填空命题规律探寻与练习（含答案）
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【培优讲义】高中英语完形填空命题规律探寻与练习
完形填空总的原则：“先完意，后完形”。
整体的经验模式 ：整体结构→组成部分
【命题特点】：长度一般250词左右 体裁以记叙文为主，夹叙夹议题材广泛。结构紧凑，层次分明，逻辑性强。实词为主 ，虚词为辅。命题原则 “强调应用，注重实际”。首句通常不挖空。 答案分布均匀，词汇语境化。
【解读策略】
1.通读全文,理解大意。 重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
瞻前顾后，避难就易。 在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。 对少数难题,暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
复读全文，解决残敌。 借助已经补全的空格，我们对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决遗留的疑难问题。
再次复读，弥补疏漏。 全部做好后，考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容,确保全文文意连贯。
词汇方面突出的变化有两个方面。一是“大词”的考查，以前在阅读理解中出现的高频词，如spritual, abruptly, advocate, consequence, metaphorical, temporarily, constantly 等词汇也出现在完形中，加大了试题难度。二是“熟词生义”的考查，近两年完形中都会出现2-3个“熟词生义”的词汇，这往往是影响学生理解的地方和失分的原因。
【备考提示】
分析文本，整体把握文章结构和思路。文章讲述的是一件什么事？表达一个什么样的观点？从哪几个角度表达该观点？传递一种什么价值观？
重视长难句分析。通过分析句子结构，提高学生对文本和长难句的理解力。
利用阅读语篇复习词汇、句型。尤其重视词汇使用的语境，提高学生对词汇的准确理解力。此外，也加强对词源义的了解，积累“熟词生义”，提高学生猜词能力。
限时训练，文章反复做，设置更多的空。第一次处理完文本后，可挖出更多的空，删去选项进行练习，即进行无答案填空形式的训练，提高学生准确运用词汇的能力，增强其对语境的准确理解。
解题步骤规范化。强调答题前2分钟时间浏览全文，了解语篇大意——who, what, when, where & how,推断文章主题；利用前后线索，谨慎答题。
【解题步骤】
首句得信息，分析主结构
The first time I saw her,she looked messy and tired.She 1 that she was in bad luck and complained about her 2 life all the time.Listening to her,I felt like doing something to help.
1．A．screamed B．announced C．insisted D．whispered
2．A．colorful B．adventurous C．extraordinary D．misfortunate
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The __1__ is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by __2__ situation that has designed for the __3__ children.
1. A. principle B. theory C. argument D. classification
2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living
3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average
注意逻辑性，语气成提示
He had spent those years well,graduating from college, completing two internships(实习) in Washington, D.C, and ____, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.
hopefully B. finally C. particularly D. certainly
First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching…___43___, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk…Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor.
A Later B. Secondly C. however D. Therefore
Once he ___42___ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear.
A. also B. nearly C. even D. only
同词复现，灵活填词
重视语境：完形填空并非完成单独的词汇或句子练习，需在语篇中根据上下文语境做出正确判断。
综合运用：任何技巧不会独立存在，在实际运用中往往多个技巧结合使用。
重视积累：任何技巧的使用脱离不了扎实的语言基础知识，需在学习中不断积累。
I began to take risks. I had been so afraid of failing… She taught me to take chances and not be____.
A. bored B. lazy C. sad D. afraid
Years later, when I stood in the kitchen of my new house, thinking how I wanted to make my ____ Christmas there special and memorable…
present B. first C. recent D. previous
__39__ as high as he could, but even at his tallest __40__ he was unable to touch it. … at the top of each jump stretching his arms to …
39. A. expanding B. stretching C. swinging D. pulling
40. A. strength B. length C. range D. height
I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ______, dressed neatly.
roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion
固定搭配，注重积累
Telling him that he no longer needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I ____ until the day he graduated.
A.held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued
推理能力培养
Mrs. Black would ask me for my ___. She wanted to know how I thought we should _______things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I know___ about stage design!
2.A.opinion B. impression C. information D. intention
4.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
He was reading my words out loud to the class…the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show ___53___, but what I was feeling was pure happiness…
A.shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure
文化背景，常识解题
（北京卷）But we run so much that, afterwards, we had trouble ___45___.
A. speaking B. moving C. sleeping D. breathing
（山东卷）When they discovered that Black Wednesday were going to perform at our local theatre, they all bought __38__ for performance.
38. A. flowers B. drinks C. clothes D. tickets
After ______ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.
Growing B. putting C. planting D. laying
Yesterday the sales office rang us to say the car was ____.
A. right B. ready C. fixed D. sold
7.巧用排除，解决壁垒
巧用排除方法，缩小选择范围
解答完形填空题需要考生进行认真的阅读、理解、推理和判断，需要对4个选项进行仔细的辨别、分析，从而去伪存真。有时我们会遇到这样的情况，对某个题目的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明白， 但发现其他选项有显而易见的谬误。这时，我们可以尝试着用排除法。所谓排除法就是将干扰项逐项检查、验证，发现错误的选项立即剔除。随着选择范围的缩小，选中正确选项的几率逐渐增大。排除法如果运用得好，可以大大节省时间和精力。
（四川卷)Some days later, I was told that a guy who was working with us that day, “could probably have made a fortune __24__ the necklace he found.”
24. A. hiding B. stealing C. selling D. wearing
He put the books into the return box. And after a brief ______ in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to meet Eric.
rest B. break C. walk D. stop
练习部分
【真题体验】
【2021.1浙江卷】
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 36 on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I 37 myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was 38 at the thought of living with loads of new people fbr three months. However, within fifteen minutes of 39 - my worries had gone. Everyone was so 40 and like-minded that it was very 41 to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 42 . We had to 43 everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 44 way but in 35°C heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 45 a stairway out of rock. This 46 climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited （栖息）by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 47 .
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The 48 of knowing that my 49 will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were 50 in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to 51 . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only 52 part of my tent.
53 , I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54 . I think I am
much 55 for having taken part in the project.
36. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research
37. A. imagined B. introduced C. enjoyed D. found
38. A. annoyed B. surprised C. scared D. excited
39. A. arriving B. sleeping C. thinking D. walking
40. A. confident B. friendly C. energetic D. curious
41. A. funny B. good C. lucky D. easy
42. A. tour B. project C. campaign D. course
43. A. drop B. make C. carry D. buy
44. A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick
45. A. build B. test C. clean D. guard
46. A. helped B. ended C. allowed D. meant
47. A. hunted B. trained C. seen D. fed
48. A. satisfaction B. ambition C. expectation D. intention
49. A. work B. memory C. record D. story
50. A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated
51. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing
52. A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft
53. A. By the way B. Regardless of that C. Needless to say D. In either case
54. A. survived 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 47. C 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. B 52. A 53. B 54. C 55. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者和丈夫曾经热衷旅行，但后来丈夫被诊断得了癌症，作者尽力照顾丈夫，但他还是去世了。丈夫去世后，作者再次去了夏威夷，也逐渐明白可以依靠自我，于是作者开始回到工作中，充分享受生活。
36-40 DBBCC 41-45 ADABA 46-50 BDBCA 51-55 DACDC
【拓展延伸】
C??? 22. B??? 23. A??? 24. D??? 25. D ???26. C??? 27. B??? 28. C??? 29. D??? 30. B??? 31. A??? 32. D??? 33. B??? 34. C??? 35. A
36-40 DBADA 41-45 CABAB 46-50 DDCAB 51-55 CDBAC
36—40 ABCDB 41—45 DBAAC 46—50 BCDAB 51—55 CDACD
[文章尾部最后500字内容到此结束,中间部分内容请查看底下的图片预览]
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