中考专题复习形容词
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专题六 形容词：（双休日作业三）
知 识 清 单
常考点清单
一、形容词的用法及位置
说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。
1. (1) 作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。
He lives in a beautiful house. 他住在一间漂亮的房子里。
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)+描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色)+出处+材料+类别+名词
her red cotton skirt 她红色的棉外套
an expensive Chinese sports car 一辆昂贵的中国跑车
(2) 有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如alone, live, asleep, afraid, alike, alight, ashamed, drunk, ill, well, unable, sure.
(3) 有少数形容词只能作定语，不能作表语，如little, live(活的), elder, eldest.
2. 作表语，放在系动词 (be, feel, look, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem 等) 之后。
His idea sounds great. 他的主意听起来很棒。
3. 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep, find等动词连用。
They keep the classroom clean every day. 他们每天保持教室干净。
4. 形容词的名词化
有些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人，常见的有good / bad, rich / poor, young / old, deaf / blind, black / white, living / dead, beautiful / good 等。
The old should be taken good care of. 老年人应该受到很好的照顾。
二、形容词比较等级的构成：原级、比较级和最高级
1. 规则变化
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词末尾加er或est
young
short
younger
shorter
youngest
shortest
以不发音的字母e 结尾，只加r或 st
wide
large
wider
larger
widest
largest
以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母再加er或est
big
red
bigger
redder
biggest
reddest
以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为
i，再加er或est
heavy
busy
heavier
busier
heaviest
busiest
其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加上
单词more或most
important
interesting
more important
more interesting
most important
most interesting
2. 不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good / well
better
best
bad / badly / ill
worse
worst
old
older / elder
oldest / eldest
many / much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther / further
farthest / furthest
三、形容词原级的用法
1. 用于“as...as”结构，表示比较双方程度相等，意思是“……和……一样”。
He is as tall as his father. 他和他的父亲一样高。
2. 表示“不如”或“不相等”，用“not + as/so...as”结构。
This picture is not so good as that one. 这幅画不如那幅好。
3. 表示“A是B的……倍”时，用“A…+倍数+ as +形容词原级+ as + B”结构。(一半: half, 一倍: once, 两倍: twice, 三倍及以上:数字+times)
Our school is twice as large as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的两倍大。
4. 有表示程度的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时用形容词原级。
The film is too boring. 这部电影太无聊了。
四、形容词比较级的用法
1. 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“A… +比较级+ than + B”。（注意比较的对象要一致）
My bike is more beautiful than hers. 我的自行车比她的自行车更漂亮。
2. 有表示程度的副词 a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。
It is even colder today. 今天甚至更冷了。
3. 表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时，用句型“which/who is +形容词比较级，A or B?”表示。
Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月亮还是地球？
4. 表示“两者之间最……的一个(of the two)”时，常用“the +比较级”结构。
He is the thinner of the two. 他是两个中较瘦的那个。
5. 表示“越来越……”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+ and +比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more +形容词原级”。
It’s becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷了。
6. 表示“越……就越……”时，用“the +比较级，the +比较级”结构。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心，犯的错误就会越少。
五、形容词最高级的用法
1. 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in / of短语来表示范围。
This picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有的画中最好的。
2. 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which/Who is + the +最高级， A，B or C？”结构。
Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆，凯特，比尔，哪个最高？
3. 表示“最……的……之一”时，用“one of the +形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。
Miss Xu is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 徐老师是这所学校中最受欢迎的老师之一。
4. 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最……”。
She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我们班第二高某某。
5. 形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用加定冠词the。
She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。
6. 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。
He is taller than any other boy in our class. = He is the tallest boy in our class. 他是我们班最高的男生。
[题组训练] 用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. We have sent some books to the children in that village. However, they still need ______ (many).
2. At the ______ news, all of us were ______.(excite)
3. Nothing in the world is______ (possible) if you set your mind to do it.
4. The ______ (much) you eat, the ______ (fat) you will be.
5. Mrs. Scott was worried about both of her sons, espe cially the ______ (young) one.
易混点清单
一、-ing形容词和-ed形容词
-ing形容词
-ed形容词
例句
surprising 令人惊讶的
surprised 感到惊讶的
The story has a surprising end.
He is surprised at the news.
interesting 有兴趣的
interested 感到兴趣的
There are many interesting places in Beijing.
I’m interested in what he says.
exciting 令人兴奋的
excited 感到兴奋的
They jumped when they heard the exciting news.
We are excited about the match.
pleasing 令人愉快的
pleased 感到愉快、满意的
It is a pleasing trip.
If you jump the queue, others will not be pleased.
frightening 令人恐惧的
frightened 感到恐惧的
The girl cried because of the frightening story.
He is frightened of the ghost.
moving 令人感动的
moved 受感动的
It is a moving performance.
We are moved by the performance.
tiring 使人疲倦的
tired 感到疲倦的
We had a very tiring trip last week.
I’m tired of so much homework.
fascinating 迷人的
fascinated 着迷的
What a fascinating story!
The children are fascinated by all the toys in the shop windows.
特点：表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物。
特点：表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用“sb.+ be +-ed形容词+介词”结构。
We were very excited about the trip to Beijing.
二、以-ly结尾的形容词
许多形容词加-ly可以构成副词，但有些以-ly 结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词。
friendly友好的 lonely孤独的
lovely可爱的 likely有希望的
daily日常的 lively有生机的
三、farther和further
farther和further是far的比较级。其用法区别是：在谈论地点、方向或距离时。farther和further可以互换，但further还有“更多，进一步，稍后，额外”等含义，这时不能与farther互换。
He went abroad for further study. 他去国外进修。
四、black和dark
都可做形容词，也可做名词，起区别为：black的意思是“黑色（的）”，指颜色，其反义词是white；而dark的意思“暗、天黑、黑暗”， 指无光。
The doors are painted black. 这些门被漆成黑色。
This is a dark house. 它是间黑屋子。
五、either, both和neither
都含有“两者”的意义，either表示“两者中的任何一个”，是单数意思，它后面跟单数名词，做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。both 表示“两者都”，是复数意思，它后面跟复数名词，做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。neither表示“两者中的任何一方都不”，是否定含义，它后面跟单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。试比较：
Either film is interesting. 这两部电影（中的任何一部）都很有趣。
Both films are interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
Neither film is interesting. 这两部电影（中的任何一部）都没趣。
六、good, well, fine, nice
1. good是形容词，用作表语和定语，它表示电影、书籍等某种东西的内容好，表示人品好，善良等。
It’s a good film. 这是部好电影。
2. well是形容词和副词，作形容词时，只作表语，指身体健康。
Take medicine three time a day, and you will be well soon. 这种药一天吃三次，你很快就会好的。
3. fine通常指天气，气质好，发育好等。
What a fine day today! 今天天气多好啊！
4. nice往往指“令人喜悦的，讨人喜欢的”人、味道、言语、天气等。
The flowers smell nice. 这些花闻起来很香。
七、ill 和sick
两个词都是“病的，生病的”意思，都可以作表语，但作定语时只用sick 而不能用ill。
The sick woman is his aunt. 那个生病的妇女是他的阿姨。
She has been ill for two weeks. 她已经生病二个星期了。
[题组训练] 用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. Everyone was ______ with the ______ journey to Yunnan.(please)
2. For ______(far) information, please call me on ***.
3. The students had a ______ discussion about to keep the endangered animals ______.(live)
4. It’s getting ______(天黑), let’s go home.
5. That ______(生病) boy was seen to walk in the garden just now.
2005—2008 年江苏中考题组
1. (2008南京, 33) Mrs. King kept weighing herself to see how much ______ she was getting.
A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest
2. (2008盐城, 29) Be ______. Make sure not to make the same spelling mistake next time.
A. peaceful B. careful C. helpful D. thankful
3. (2008宿迁, 4) Billy has all kinds of different ideas. He is ______ to be a famous writer.
A. enough creative B. creative enough
C. energetic enough D. enough energetic
4. (2008宿迁, 16) When the fire broke out, many people were so ______ that they ran ______.
A. frightening; wild B. frightened; wild
C. frightened; wildly D. frightening; wildly
5. (2008扬州, 23) — How much money did you pay for the drink?
— None. It was ______.
A. easy B. free C. cheap D. expensive
6. (2008淮安, 27) The girl’s voice sounds ______. Maybe she can become a good singer when she grows up.
A. sweet B. sweetly C. beautifully
7. (2008泰州, 32)It’s not easy for trailwalkers to finish walking a ______ trail within 48 hours.
A. 100-kilometre B. 100-kilometres C. 100 kilometres D. 100 kilometres
8. (2008南通, 12) — How are you today, Bob?
— I’m even ______ now. I don’t think the medicine is good for me.
A. better B. worse C. happier D. unluckier
9. (2008徐州, 24) I’ve got nothing to do. I’m ______.
A. b 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 24. roof __________
25. tomato _________ 26. piano _________ 27. photo _________
28. child ________ 29. mouse ________ 30. Chinese ________
二、翻译下列短语。
1. 一张纸 ____________________ 2. five Canadians ____________________
3. 两杯茶 ____________________ 4. a pair of shoes _____________________
5. 五本数学书 ________________ 6. several pupils _____________________
7. 四箱苹果 __________________ 8. a basketball game __________________
9. 两条新闻 __________________ 10. today’s newspaper __________
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