自考《英语（二）00015》短文写作（作文）讲义
以下为《自考《英语（二）00015》短文写作（作文）讲义》的无排版文字预览，完整内容请下载
短文写作
一、基本写作步骤
1．审题
所谓审题，就是审清作文的要求和所给的材料，如图表说明、关键词、段某某、提纲等等。审题是写作的第一步，也是文章成功的关键所在之一。在考试之中，由于时间仓促，心情紧张，匆忙审题，造成离题万里的现象屡见不鲜。因此可以说能否审清题意是作文、乃至考试成败的关键。在平时进行写作练习的时候，就要有意识地养成认真审题，仔细研究的良好习惯。
弄清作文要求之后，就要确定文章的主题思想。主题思想明确、深刻，才能确保文章言之有物，顺理成章。围绕主题去构思、写作文章，才能思路清晰，不致节外生枝离题万里。
2．提纲
提纲有利于作者理清思路。尤其在考场上，根据提纲写作，能写出层次分明，逻辑性强，表意清晰的好文章，可避免考试时由于情绪紧张而造成的不应有的失误。
提纲有多种类型，可详可略，写作时也可根据自己的经验和特点编写适合于自己的提纲。常见的提纲种类有罗列式提纲、主题式提纲、句子式提纲。所谓罗列式提纲，就是根据题目和所给材料，围绕中心思想，罗列一系列相关的词、短语或句子。主题式提纲比较简略，只写出文章的主题思想即可，写作时依据主题思想，围绕重点，进行扩充和展开。句子式提纲比较详细，顾名思义，就是用句子把文章的主要观点写出来。
3．成某某
文章的组织结构：一定要按所列提纲写。一般分为开头、正文、结尾3部分
（1）开头；如引语法、主题句法、提问法、事例法、描述法等。
常用句式：
① There is an old /popular saying /proverb which says /goes…..
② Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the importance/
seriousness of …
③There are different opinions among people as to …Some believe … Others,
however, disagree with it. They think…
④….has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It
has brought us a of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
⑤ One of our ancient philosophers said, …..Chinese people have always been
holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.
(2) 主体： 要注意启承转合，常用句型：
① On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ……. They believe
…..Moreover, they think…..
② There are many ways to ….. First, _____. Second _____. Finally, ______.
③ Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to _____.
For one thing, ____. For another, ______. Finally, _______. (也可用于结尾)
④ Although the popular belief is a fact, a current study(survey/investigation)
indicates that...
(3) 结尾
总结文章的主要内容，或者提出希望或展望未来，或者对文章提出的观点进行反问，启发读者思考。如：An open China has realized the
importance of business. Why should we give up this opportunity and rely on
agriculture?
常用句型：
① From what has been discussed /mentioned above, we may conclude that…
② Therefore, it is not difficult to draw /come to the conclusion that….
③ Only in this way/ in doing so, can sth. be really ….
④ Given the reasons /consideration I have just outlined/ discussed/ presented, I
strongly recommend that …..
无论是何种类型，英语（二）作文基本上是三段式作文，根据不同的类型，三段的写法不同。所用的模式也不同。
二、各类型作文的写法和常用句型
（一）图表 / 看图作文
1. 写作模式：描述图表/图画-分析图表/图画-总结全文（也可以展望未来或发出倡议或表明自己的态度）
2. 常用句型：
（1）表示说明的开篇句式：
As we can see from the chart / graph / table/ picture…
The chart/graph/ table displays/ illustrates/ describes/ indicates/ points out
that …
It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ table/ graph that…
The figures/ statistics in the chart reflect/ show/ reveal that …
The table/chart /graph shows (that) …
According to the table/chart /graph, …
As is shown in the table/chart /graph, …
As can be seen from the table/chart/ graph/picture, …
It can be seen from the figures/statistics that …
We can see from the figures/statistics that …
As we can see in this picture, …
This picture shows that …
（2）描述图表的句式：
A takes up/ occupies/ accounts for 20% of the total population/ output/ income/
expenditure/ consumption.
On the top of the list is…, which accounts for 60%.
On the bottom is …, which takes up 20%.
Compared with A, B has a higher percentage.
A is second to B. （A仅次于B。）
There was a very slight/ small/ slow/gradual/ steady/ marked/ large/ sharp/
rapid/ sudden/ dramatic rise/ increase/ drop/ decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction
in 2008.
The number of…declines/rises by …% from… to…
The number of… remains steady/ stable/ the same…
The price leveled off.
（3）表明个人观点的句式
As has been shown above, we can safely say that …
As far as I am concerned, …
To the best of my knowledge, …
As to me, ….
In my view / opinion, …
（4）表示总结概括的句式
In conclusion / In summary / In a word / In a nutshell / In brief, …
3. 例文：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition
on the topic How Are Working People Doing Physical Exercises? You should write
150 words or so and base your composition on the chart and the outline given
below.
1. 描述下列图表所表达的信息;
2. 谈谈你对此现象的看法.
3．根据此现象提出建议
Sample writing:
As we can see from the chart, on the top of the list is the number of working
people seldom doing physical exercises, which accounts for 60%. What follows are
working people doing exercises once a month at a percentage of 25%. On the
bottom is the number of people doing regular exercises, which takes up only 15%.
Although more and more working people are realizing the importance of physical
exercises, they cannot spare their limited time to do some exercises because of
the heavy burden of supporting their families on their shoulders. Apart from
that, their daily lives at the office cannot provide them with the exercise
their body needs. Lack of physical exercises is one of the main contributing
factors to poor health among the working people.
In order to stay healthy and concentrate on their work more efficiently, all
people, especially working people should take some physical exercises. Society
should encourage people to take exercises regularly. The problem of insufficient
exercises among working people should be solved as soon as possible. (174 words)
（二）对立观点型作文
1. 写作模式：引出话题-摆出两种观点-我的观点
2. 常用句型：
（1）点明主题的常用句型
The issue of whether… or not has been widely argued/ debated about.
…has become a hot topic among people
When it comes to …, people will have a heated discussion.
（2）具体介绍两种对立观点的常用句式
Some people suggest/ hold the opinion that… But / However/ Nevertheless/ other
people hold a different point of view.
Some people are inclined to think that…On the contrary, there are many people
who won't agree, and they claim…
（3）陈述自己观点的常用句式
In my eyes/ view/ As to me/ To the best of my knowledge/ As far as I am
concerned…
I'm in favor of…/ I am on the side of/ My favor goes to the former/ latter
opinion to some extent. The main reason is that… Furthermore…
There is probably some truth in both arguments, but I prefer …to…
In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we… we should take into
consideration all aspects of the problem and then make the right decision.
Considering one after another, I stand on the side of the latter opinion.
As to me, I prefer the former one.
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】Choose the most suitable topic sentence for the third
paragraph in the following passage.The following is a short essay entitled
Advertisements based on the following outline. You should choose the most
suitable topic sentence for the third paragraph.1. 各种各样的广告随处可见2. 人们对广告持不同的观点3.
我认为……With the advent of material prosperity, advertisements have become more and
more important in our daily life. If you are observant enough, it's not
difficult for you to notice they appear everywhere. When you walk along the
streets, you can see large billboards with pretty girls smiling at you. You read
newspapers, and see half of the pages covered with ads. You turn on TV, and you
see commercial advertisements time and again. Whether you like it or not,
advertisements fill your life.We have to admit that advertisements can play a
useful role in our life. For one thing, they give the latest information about
products. Were there no advertising, consumers could not know about goods sold
in various shops. People can find what they need in the shortest time at the
lowest price. For another, more people are attracted by the advertisements to do
more shopping, which will boom the economic development. However, there are also
some opinions against advertising. Some people think that advertisements do not
give much information but only try to persuade you to buy. They create a demand
for goods that are not really needed. Besides, advertising adds to the cost of
goods. You can see and hear advertisements almost everywhere, which does great
harm to people's
health.________________________________________________________. We should see
the function of them, but we cannot overemphasize it. We can never put our
complete trust in what advertisements say. Before making a buying decision, we
have to think carefully to make a wise choice.A． As far as I am concerned, I
pref 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 contest. The first five
winners will be given prizes. Please try our best and get ready in time.
Wish you success!
The Students' Union
结 尾
以上是本次《英语（二）》串讲的内容，请同学们在听串讲课程时，把重点放在改版后试卷上的七大题型的做题方法上。如果觉得自己基础比较薄弱，建议同学们听一下我们的精讲课程。鉴于本考试七个部分大部分都是全新题型，同学们平时在学习教材的过程中要有意识地往新题型上靠拢，多联想、多思考相关题型的解题方法。教材上课文可能会在考试中入选，请同学们在认真听精讲课所讲解的单词及语言点的基础上结合串讲所分析的七大题型的做题方法，真正理解考试各题型的精髓所在，一定要把课上所学的理论应用于实践。同时要练习常见体裁的写作，积累常用词汇和句型，大致掌握常见模板，并辅以一定的写作练习。相信在我们的共同努力下，同学们一定会取得自己满意的成绩。
预祝大家考试成功！
[文章尾部最后500字内容到此结束,中间部分内容请查看底下的图片预览]请点击下方选择您需要的文档下载。
- 中国钢铁冶金尘泥资源化利用现状及发展方向
- The_Necklace_Guy_de_Maupassant
- 读写结合教学建议
- Unit 2 Good habits 复习和写作课教案
- 中考书面表达复习教学My Favorite sport 教学设计
- 七下U1作文Word 文档
- 小学英语作文要求
- 1.19教学设计-重点课型讲解（高中）
- 英语作文 模板
- WHO新冠疫苗技术线路(英文)
- 42号传祺（英文剧本）
- 绿色课堂杯听课心得体会
- 教学案例(1)
- 2020面对疫情的英语作文_有关疫情的英语作文3篇
- 最新高考英语写作专题辅导课件-基础写作[地点介绍]
- HLPE-Report-8_EN
- 浅谈个性化作文教学
以上为《自考《英语（二）00015》短文写作（作文）讲义》的无排版文字预览，完整内容请下载
自考《英语（二）00015》短文写作（作文）讲义由用户“小水哈9”分享发布，转载请注明出处