初中语法 宾语从句 教师版
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16. 宾语从句
一、宾语从句的断定
定义：宾语从句，顾名思义，是一个用作宾语的句子。例如：
I don't know if / whether my father will come back tomorrow. （我不知道明天我爸爸是否会回来。）
Tom can't decide which sweater he should buy. （汤姆不能决定应该买哪一件羊毛衫。）
We all know（that）the sun rises in the east. （我们都知道太阳在东方升起。）
二、辨别主句和宾语从句---连接词
引导宾语从句的连接词有三种，分别为：
A. 连词 if / whether ：原来的直接引语为一般疑问句。
Will he come back tomorrow？ Do you know？
→ Do you know if / whether he will come back tomorrow？
B. 连接代词或连接副词：原来的直接引语为特殊疑问句。
Which sweater should Tom buy？ Tom can't decide.
→ Tom can't decide which sweater he should buy.
C. 连词 that ： 宾语从句是原来直接引语中的陈述句
The sun rises in the east. We all know.
→ We all know that the sun rises in the east.
【重点】
三、宾语从句的时态：
1、如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时，那么宾语从句的谓语动词的时态可以根据具体情况，该用哪种时态，就用哪种时态。
2、如果主句谓语动词的时态为一般过去时，根据主从句时态一致的原则，从句谓语动词的时态可以使用相应的过去时态。
1）宾语从句中的一般现在时变为一般过去时：
is / am / are → was / were； do / does → did； may → might； need → needed can → could .
2）宾语从句中的一般将来时变为过去将来时： is /am / are going to do → was / were going to do； will do → would do .
3）宾语从句中的现在完成时变为过去完成时： has / have done → had done .
4）宾语从句中的现在进行时变为过去进行时： is / am / are doing → was / were doing .
A. Lucy says that Lily is listening to the music.
→ Lucy said that Lily was listening to the music.
B. Lucy says that Lily will go home.
→ Lucy said that Lily would go home.
C. Lucy says that Lily gets up at five.
→ Lucy said that Lily got up at five.
D. Lucy says that Lily has never been to Guangzhou.
→ Lucy said that Lily had never been to Guangzhou.
【注意】
1、如果从句说明的是客观真理或科学事实时，不管主句是何种时态，都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
2、当主句是Could you …表示婉转的语气，从句的时态无需受主句的影响发生变化。
Could you tell me if it is going to rain tomorrow ?
【考点诠释】
一、连接词
宾语从句的连接词分为三类：
1. 引导陈述句用that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。
2. 引导一般疑问句用if或whether。
注意：下列几种情况通常使用whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；（2）在介词之后用whether；（3）在不定式前用whether等。
3. 引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。
一Excuse me，could you tell me__________?
—There's a bank on the second floor．You can make it there．[黄某某]
A. where I can change money B. how I can get to the bank
C. if there's a bank near here D. where the bank is
[答案]A．[解析]考查宾语从句的连词用法。根据上下问可知应选A。
二、语序
?????? 在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词＋陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。
?1．—Do you know ______________now?
一In the People's Hotel．[XX市]
A. where is Tom working B. where did Tom work
C. where Tom is working D. where Tom worked
[答案]C．[解析]考查宾语从句要用陈述句语序。宾语从句要注意两点：①从句用陈述句语序；②前后时态要一致。故排除A、B，D时态不对，故选C。
三、时态
1. 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的时态可视情况使用任何一种相关的时态。
2. 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句必须使用过去相应的某一种时态。
3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句是用什么时态，从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时。
4. 情态动词could / would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。
?Excuse me, could you tell me when __the new Olympic Center? [XX市]
A. are we visited B. will we visit C. we are visited D. we will visit
[答案]D。 [解析]考查宾语从句的用法。从句要用陈述句语序，而且时态要与主句一致。从句意看本句不能用被动语态，故排除A、c。本题考查的是以when引导的宾语从句。B没用陈述句语序，故排除，此处could只表委婉的语气，并不表过去。
—Could you tell me whom the radio _________by?
一Sorry，I have no idea．[XX市]
A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented
[答案]D。[解析]考查宾语从句的时态和语态的用法。从句中的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者，这时应使用被动语态，这样A、B两项可以排除。我们还应考虑到，收音机的“发明”一定是过去的事情，所以该句的时态应是一般过去时，谓语的构成为“was／were+动词的过去分词”。
I didn’t understand __________, so I raised my hand to ask..
?A. what my teacher says?? B. what does my teacher say
?C. what my teacher said?? D. what did my teacher say
?答案为C。本题为宾语从句，由于需要用陈述语序可排除B、D；另外，主句时态为一般过去时，则从句也要用对应的过去时态，故还可排除A。
四、否定转移
?????? 当宾语从句表示否定的意义时，若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think / believe / suppose / expect等时，应在主句上加以否定。
五、简化
?????? 宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it +形容词+不定式短语”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。
I don’t know what I should do with the letter. （改为简单句）（年山东XX）
I don’t know what ___________ ___________ with the letter.
?????? 答案与解析：答案为to do。当主句谓语动词是know，learn，forget，remember等，其后接疑问词（连接代词／副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化成“疑问词（连接代词／副词+不定式（短语）”结构，故空白处填to do。
六、注意点
?????? if / when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if / when引导宾语从句时，意思分别为“是否”和“何时”，此时它们的时态根据具体情况而定。if和when引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果”和“当……的时候”，此时如果主句是一般将来时，从句部分则用一般现在时。
七、综合考查
--Did Mr White tell you________-?
--Yes. He said he went there in 2003. [XX市]
A. when he traveled to Tibet B. how he goes to Wuhan
C. Where he spent his holidays D. why did he visit Kunming
[答案]A。 [解析]考查宾语从句。when询问时间，how询问方式，where询问地点，why询问原因。由答语“He said he went here in 2003．”可知，前面应是询问动作发生的时间。
【基础题】
一、判断正误
1.I think beef taste better than pork.
2.Could you tell me when will the meeting begin?
3.I really don’t know what does it mean.
4.They told me that French is also taught in.
5.She hasn’t decided that she will go to Australia or not.
6.I can’t imagine how made his say that at the meeting.
二、选择题
（ ）1.Excuse me, could you please tell me ____________?
A.when will the film start B.how much the ticket would cost
C.where does this bus go D.which gate is open
（ ）2.The class teacher asked the monitor_______________.
A.why was Jeff late for school B.why Jeff was late for school
C.why is Jeff late for school D.why Jeff is late for school
（ ）3.Rose wondered _______ the new mobile phone.
A.how much would she pay for B.how much will she pay for
C.how much she would pay for D.how much she will pay for
（ ）4.Please tell us _________________.(黄某某)
A.when will the winter vocation start B.when the winter vocation will start
C.when does the winter vocation start D.when did the winter vocation start
（ ）5.Could you tell me ______________?(XX区)
A.how often do you see a film B.who they are staying with
C.where did he live D.what is she doing now
（ ）6.Could you tell me what day __________ the Palace Museum for free ?(卢某某)
A.can elementary and high school students visit
B.could elementary and high school students visit
C.elementary and high school students can visit
D.elementary and high school students could visit
（ ）7.Do you know how long _______ to leave Shanghai for Tokyo?(闸北区)
A.does it take you B.will it take you C.it takes you D.you take it
（ ）8.I didn’t understand _______in class, so I raised my hand to ask.(XX区)
A.what my teacher said B.what did my teacher say
C.how did my teacher say D.how my teacher said
（ ）9.My English Teacher asked me _____________(徐某某)
A.why Jane hasn’t watched the game B.why hasn’t Jane watched the game
C.why Jane hadn’t watched the game D.why hadn’t Jane watched the game
（ ）10.Tom told me ________this afternoon.(金某某)
A.he is going to watch a ball game
B.he was going to have a meeting
C.if he is going to see a film
D.if he was going to take a walk
（ ）11.Could you tell me ____________?(闵某某)
A. where were you at seven last night
B. how’s your memory-improvement course
C. when you had seen the performance
D. if there are three kinds of memory
（ ）12.Do you know ______________？(XX区)
A.when he has come B.why he didn’t come
C.if he comes tomorrow D.whom is he looking for
（ ）13.Mary’s aunt has no idea______________(XX区)。
A.where can she go B.which skirt she should buy
C.what she had said D.when will she leave for Beijing
（ ）14.The class teacher wanted to know _____________.(XX县)
A.what does Alan do last weekend B.what Alan does last weekend
C.what did Alan do last weekend D.What Alan did last weekend
（ ）15.I’m interested in ____________.(XX区)
A.how he opened the door without a key
B.where did they come back
C.whether he would invite Jack to his party next weekend
D.how many books you had read
（ ）16.Father asked me ________________.(杨某某)
A.what I had done in school B.what had I done in school
C.what I have done in school D.what have I done in school
1-5 D B C B B 6-10 C C A C B 11-16 D B B D AA
【中等题】
1. --- Could you tell us how long ______?
?--- About three days.
A. does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting last
C. will the sports meeting last D. the sports meeting will last
2. I want to 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 went to bed early.
9. In the men's 100-metre dash, he ran as fast as he could.
10. The bus came late because the roads were crowded.
11. As they didn't agree with me, I had to change my plan.
12. Though he went over his test paper again, he failed to find mistakes in it
13. As soon as he saw a UFO in the sky, he took a photo of it right away.
14. I hope that you can work out these problems in less than half an hour.
15. We fight pollution so that the city won't be dirty.
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