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新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎防治知识手册（双语）

**_*公室 2020-02-06 11:26

新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎

防治知识手册

Handbook of Prevention and Treatment of the Pneumonia Caused by the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV）

**_*公室

微医互联网总医院

微医XX互联网医院

2020年1月

Cyberspace Administration of Tianjin

WeDoctor Digital General Hospital

WeDoctor Tianjin Digital Hospital

January 2020

目录

第一部分 病原特点

1.什么是冠状病毒？

2.冠状病毒有什么样的理化特性?

3.可感染人的冠状病毒有哪些?

4.什么是新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎?

5.感染新型冠状病毒的患者临床表现有哪些?

6.有针对新型冠状病毒的疫苗吗?

7.与患者密切接触者如何定义?

8.为什么要对密切接触者医学观察14天?

9.如果接到疾控部门通知，您是一位密切接触者，该怎么办?

10.新型冠状病毒感染能治疗吗?

11.新型冠状病毒感染重症病例基本的应对策略有哪些?

第二部分 疫情形势

12.当前疫情发展态势是什么?

13.为什么短短几天增加了这么多确诊病例?

14.防控疫情的关键在哪里?

15.当前防控最有效的办法是什么?

16.新型冠状病毒传染源是什么?

17. 新型冠状病毒人传人吗?

18.人会通过哪些途径被传染?

19.新型冠状病毒会变异吗?

20.新型冠状病毒感染是否会像SARS一样凶猛?

第三部分 防控常识

21.新型冠状病毒感染肺炎的病例监测措施主要有哪些?

22.如何预防被新型冠状病毒感染?

23.接触动物有什么特别需要注意的事项?

24.当出现了发热、咳嗽等症状时，一定要去医院吗？

Contents

Part I Pathogen Characteristics

1. What are coronaviruses?

2. What are the physical and chemical characteristics of the coronavirus?

3. What are the coronaviruses that can infect people?

4. What is pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus?

5. What are the clinical manifestations of someone infected with a novel coronavirus?

6. Is there a vaccine for a novel coronavirus?

7. How to define whether a person is in close contact with the patients?

8. Why should close contacts be observed for 14 days?

9. If you are informed by the disease control department that you are a close contact, what should you do?

10. Can the novel coronavirus infection be treated?

11. What are the basic coping strategies for severe cases of novel coronavirus infection?

Part II Epidemic Situation

12. What is the current situation of epidemic evolution?

13. Why are confirmed cases increasing so quickly in just a few days?

14. What is the key to prevent and control the outbreak?

15. What is the most effective way to prevent and control the outbreak at present?

16. What is the infection source of novel coronavirus?

17. Can novel coronaviruses be transmitted from person to person?

18. By which ways will people be infected?

19. Will the novel coronavirus mutate?

20. Will the novel coronavirus infection be as fierce as SARS?

Part III Prevention and Control Knowledge

21. What are the main monitoring measures for pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus?

22. How to prevent the novel coronavirus infection?

23. What should be paid special attention to when coming into contact with animals?

24. When there are fever, cough, and other symptoms, do you have to go to the hospital?

第一部分病原特点

Part I Pathogen Characteristics

1.什么是冠状病毒?

1. What are coronaviruses?

冠状病毒是自然界广泛存在的一大类病毒，是目前已知核糖核酸(RNA)病毒中基因组最大的病毒，该病毒形态在电镜下观察类似于王冠而得名。冠状病毒仅感染脊椎动物，与人和动物的多种疾病有关，可引起人和动物呼吸道、消化道和神经系统疾病。

Coronavirus is a kind of virus widely existing in nature. It is the largest known RNA virus in the genome and is named coronavirus, as its form is similar to the crown under the electron microscope. Coronavirus only infects vertebrates and is related to many diseases of humans and animals. It can cause respiratory tract, digestive tract, and nervous system diseases of humans and animals.

2.冠状病毒有什么样的理化特性?

2. What are the physical and chemical characteristics of the coronavirus?

冠状病毒对热敏感，56℃30分钟、乙醚、75%乙醇、含氯消毒剂、过氧乙酸和氯仿等脂溶剂均可有效灭活病毒。

Coronavirus is sensitive to heat and can be effectively inactivated by 56 ℃ for 30 minutes, ethyl ether, 75% ethanol, chlorine-containing disinfectant, peracetic acid, and chloroform.

3.可感染人的冠状病毒有哪些?

3. What are the coronaviruses that can infect people?

迄今为止，除新型冠状病毒外，共发现6种可感染人类的冠状病毒(HCoV-229E、HCoV-OC43、SARS-CoV、HCoV-NL63、

HCoV-HKU1和MERS-CoV)。其中4种在人群中较为常见，致病性较低，一般仅引起类似普通感冒的轻微呼吸道症状。另外2种是我们熟知的SARS (严重急性呼吸道综合征) 冠状病毒和MERS (中东呼吸综合征) 冠状病毒。

So farI in addition to the new coronavirus, we have found six kinds of coronaviruses such like HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and MERS-CoV that can infect humans. Four of them are common in the population, with low pathogenicity, generally only causing mild respiratory symptoms similar to the common cold. The other two are well-known SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses.

4.什么是新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎?

4. What is the pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus?

新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎是2019年12月在中国中部**_*发现的，证实由一种新型冠状病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病。此新型冠状病毒是以前从未在人体中发现的冠状病毒新毒株，世界卫生组织将该冠状病毒命名为2019-nCoV，即新型冠状病毒。

Pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus was found in central China’s Wuhan City, Hubei Province in December 2019. It has been proved to be an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a new type of coronavirus. The new coronavirus is a new strain of coronavirus that has not yet been previously found in the human body. The World Health Organization named the coronavirus 2019-nCov, namely a new coronavirus.

5. 感染新型冠状病毒的患者临床表现有哪些?

5. What are the clinical manifestations of someone infected with a novel coronavirus?

以发热、乏力、干咳为主要表现。鼻塞、流涕等上呼吸道症状少见。约半数患者多在一周后出现呼吸困难，严重者快速进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征、脓血症休克、难以纠正的代谢性酸中毒和出凝血功能障碍。值得注意的是重症、危重症患者病程中可为中低热，甚至无明显发热。部分患者起病症状轻微，可无发热，多在1周后恢复。多数患者预后良好，少数患者病情危重，甚至死亡。

Fever, weakness and dry cough are the main manifestations. Nasal obstruction, runny nose and other upper respiratory symptoms are rare. About half of the patients develop dyspnea after one week, and the severe cases develop rapidly into ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome), septic shock, difficult-to-tackle metabolic acidosis and bleeding and coagulation dysfunction. It should be noted that the course of severe and critical patients can be moderate to low fever or even no obvious fever. Some patients have mild onset symptoms. These patients may have no fever and recover after 1 week. Most patients have a good prognosis, while a few patients are in critical condition or even death.

6.有针对新型冠状病毒的疫苗吗?

6. Is there a vaccine for a novel coronavirus?

针对新疾病，目前尚无可用疫苗。开发新疫苗可能需要相当长时间。

There is no vaccine available for the new disease. It may take a long time to develop a new vaccine for it.

7. 与患者密切接触者如何定义?

7. How to define whether a person is in close contact with the patient?

密切接触者是指与病例共同居住、学习、工作或其他有密切接触的人员；诊疗、护理、探视病例时未采取有效防护措施的医护人员、家属或其他与病例有类似近距离接触的人员；病例同病室的其他患者及陪护人员；与病例乘坐同一交通工具并有近距离接触人员；现场调查人员调查后经评估认为符合条件的人员。

Close contacts refer to people who live, study, work or have close contact with the case; medical staff, family members or other people who have similar close contact with the case without taking effective precautions when diagnosing, treating, nursing or visiting the case; other patients and caregivers in the same ward with the case; people who take the same vehicle with the case and have close contact with the case; and people who are evaluated as the qualified by the field investigators.

8.为什么要对密切接触者医学观察14天?

8.Why should close contacts be observed for 14 days?

参考其他冠状病毒所致疾病潜伏期，此次新型冠状病毒病例相关信息和当前防控实际，将密切接触者医学观察期定为14天，并对密切接触者进行居家医学观察。

Referring to the incubation period of other diseases caused by coronaviruses, the new coronavirus case-related information, and current prevention and control practice, the medical observation period of close contacts was set as 14 days, and the close contacts should be observed at home.

9.如果接到疾控部门通知，您是一位密切接触者，该怎么办?

9.If you are informed by the disease control department that you are a close contact, what should you do?

按照要求进行居家医学观察，不用恐慌，不要随便外出，做好自我身体状况观察，定期接受医生的随访，如果出现发热、咳嗽等异常临床表现，及时向当地疾病预防控制机构报告，在其指导下到指定医疗机构进行排查、诊治等。

You can carry out home medical observation as required. Don't be panic. Don't go out casually, and do a good job of observing your physical condition. Receive regular follow-up visits from doctors. In case of abnormal clinical manifestations such as fever and cough, report to local disease prevention and control institutions in time, and under their guidance, go to designated medical institutions for troubleshooting, diagnosis, and treatment, etc.

10. 新型冠状病毒感染能治疗吗?

10. Can the novel coronavirus infection be treated?

世界卫生组织已发布了针对疑似新型冠状病毒感染造成严重急性呼吸道感染的临床处置指南。目前对于新型冠状病毒所致疾病缺乏特异治疗方法，但采用国家卫健委推出的诊疗方案，采用一些抗病毒药物可能具有一定效果。另外 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 通过微医互联网总医院在线问诊后再做决定。目前一些城市的医院聚集了大量的呼吸道疾病患者，如果直接去医院就诊，不但不能有效的获取有用信息，还容易造成交叉感染。

When a person has fever, cough, and other symptoms, and cannot accurately judge by himself, it is recommended to make a decision based on the WeDoctor's Digital general hospital online consultation. At present, hospitals in some cities gather a large number of patients with respiratory diseases. If they go to the hospital directly, they cannot effectively obtain useful information and are prone to get cross-infection.

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