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虚拟语气
1.语气的定义
语气是用动词的不同形式来表达说话人不同态度的一种语法现象。
2.语气的种类
一般来说,语气可以分为以下4种。
(1)陈述语气:表示说话的人直接陈述某种事实的语气。
e.g.: I am a nurse.
我是个护士。
I have already finished this job.
我已经完成工作了。
(2)疑问语气:表示说话的人提出问题或对某事实产生疑问的语气。
e.g.: What is your name?
你叫什么名字?
Does he like swimming?
他喜欢游泳吗?
(3)祈使语气:表示说话的人要求、命令、请求等的语气。
e.g.: Be careful!
小心!
Keep away from the fence!
远离栅栏!
(4)虚拟语气:表示说话的人主观的愿望、假设和猜想等的语气,一般和事实不相符合。
e.g.: If I were you, I would not marry her.
如果我是你,我不会和她结婚的。
They suggested that they (should) have more money.
他们建议应有更多的钱。
虚拟语气和条件句
条件句实际上是属于状语从句的一种,其功能可以说是说话人猜想、假设的一种条件。按其真实程度来分,可以分为真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。
e.g.:?If it rains tomorrow, we will put off the sports meeting.
如果明天下雨,我们就推迟运动会。(表示可能实现,真实条件句)
If I were Tom, I would not refuse the money.
如果我是汤姆,我就不会拒绝这些钱的。(表示不可能实现,非真实条件句)
按照时间上的划分,虚拟条件句(非真实条件句)又可以分为现在、过去、将来3种情况。
e.g.: If I were you, I should not marry her.
如果我是你,我就不会和她结婚。(和现在情况相反)
If the fridge were broken, please call us to repair it.
如果冰箱坏了,通知我们来修。(和将来情况相反)
If I had been you, I should not have married her.
条件句
/
学习过程中要注意3点。
(1)单独条件句的使用可以表示某种感情色彩。
e.g.: If your father had not been dead.
要是你爸爸没死该有多好啊!(表示某种遗憾和怜悯)
(2)凡是be动词用于一般过去时都应该使用were,而不是was。
e.g.: If I were you, I would not promise a lot to her.
如果我是你的话,我不会对她承诺那么多的。
(实际上在一般语法知识里我们认为应该使用I was而不是I were,但是在虚拟语气中就必须用成I were。)
(3)从句中出现了had,should和were的时候可以引起倒装。
e.g.: If I had been you, I should not have married her.
这句话可以倒装成为:Had I been you, I should not have married her.
注意省略if,并且把这三个词都放在句首。
虚拟语气和从句
(1)虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用。
当主语从句中出现important, essential, ap 内容过长,仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览,全文请查看图片预览。 people to live in.
A.wouldn't have been
B.wouldn't be
C.haven't been
D.shouldn't be
9._____ the man been sent to the hospital, his life would have been saved.
A.Has
B.Will have
C.Had
D.have
10.She looks as if she _____ for several months.
A.hasn't eaten
B.haven't eaten
C.hadn't eaten
D.didn't eat
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