现在分词与过去分词学案完整版
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现在分词、过去分词用法复习
一、现在分词：
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式：
现在
及 物 动 词 write
不及物动词go
分词
主动语态
被动语态
主动语态
一般式
writing
being written
going
完成式
having written
having been written
having gone
否定式：not + 现在分词
1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2、现在分词的句法功能：
1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed, the man speaking 可改为the man who is speaking.
2）作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
3）作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
4）现在分词作状语：
A）作时间状语： (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
B）作原因状语： Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
C）作方式状语，表示伴随： He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
D）作条件状语： (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
E）作结果状语： He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
F）作目的状语： He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
G）作让步状语： Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
★与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
★作独立成分：
Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。
二、过去分词：
过去分词的句法功能：
1、作定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：
boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
2、作表语：
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：
The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）
3、作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
4、作状语：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）
★过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied.
所有的书期末时都还了，图书管理员很高兴。
The field ploughed, he began to spread seed. 地耕好了，他开始撒种子。
考点剖析
1. 分词的时态：
①分词一般式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；或一个动作发生后，另一个动作紧接着发生。分词的一般式常在书面语中用作背景的描写。例如：
Walking down the street, I ran into Lily.
Hearing the news, I jumped with joy.
Switching off the lights, I turned over and buried my head in the pillow.
Living in the country, we had few social engagements.
②分词完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。
Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us.
Having passed my driving test, I was able to buy my first car.
I was able to buy my first car, having passed my driving test.
③分词一般式和完成式均可表示已完成的动作，但在说话人心中，用一般式把2个动作看做是几乎同时发生，用完成式则强调2个动作的先后。例如：
Looking at the door, she went out.
Having studied in the university for three years, he knows the place very well.
2．分词的语态：
①分词一般式的被动语态强调动作正在进行中。例如：
The house being built will be our office building.
Being surrounded, the rebel troops were forced to surrender.
②分词完成式的被动语态强调先于谓语动词。例如：
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy.
③过去分词也表示被动，但没有强调动作先后的含义。例如：
The concert given by the symphony orchestra was a great success.
They are problems left over by history.
Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.
3现在分词和过去分词用法功能的区别
现在分词作前置定语
表示正在进行的主动动作。
the rising sun=the sun that is rising 正在升起的太阳
短语：
a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 boiling water 沸水
a falling star 流行 a waiting crowd 等待的人群
increasing demand 日益增长的需求 lasting peace 永久的和平
表示主动但不正在进行。
He is a promising student. 他是一个有前途的学生。
短语：
remaining days 剩下的岁月 a tiring day 劳累的一天
an embarrassing position 窘境 guiding principle 指导原则
neighboring country 邻国 a walking dictionary 活字典
2) 过去分词作前置定语
①表示被动，且又是有已完成的含义。
The risen sun= the sun that has just risen 初生的太阳
I don’t like to eat fried eggs. 我不喜欢吃煎蛋。
短语：
boiled water 开（过的）水 required courses 必修课
furnished room 有家具的房间 a written report 书面报告
表示主动，且有完成的含义（仅限于某些不及物动词的过去分词作定语）。
Where are the escaped prisoners？ 那些逃犯在哪里？
短语：
departed friends 离去的朋友 an arrived visitor 一位来客
fallen leaves 落叶 an escaped prisoner 一个逃犯
returned students 归国留学生 faded flowers 凋谢的花
retired workers 退休工人 a sunken ship 一艘沉船
过去分词用在表示情绪的词语中。 例如：
He gave a satisfied smile. 他给了个满意的微笑
短语：
a frightened glance 惊恐的扫视
a worried look 愁容
an excited scream 激动的尖叫声
the intended effect 预期的效果
his embarrassed manner 他尴尬的举止
a puzzled/ an embarrassed expression 困惑的/尴尬的表情
但是： relaxed/relaxing environment 放松的环境
练习：
1. Don't use words， expressions， or phrases _______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
2. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
3. Mr. Smith， _______ of the _________ speech， started to read a novel.
A. tired； boring B. tiring； bored C. tired； bored D. tiring； boring
4. The Olympic Games， _______ in 776 B.C.， did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
Keys：ABAC
二 分词作表语
现在分词作表语表示主语的性质或特征，常某某very修饰；过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。例如：
The news is very inspiring.
You shouldn’t try to stand up if you are badly hurt.
下列表示变成、保持、感觉等意义的动词有系动词的特征，可与某些现在分词或过去分词构成主系表结构：
Appear, become, come, feel, go, grow, go, lie, look, remain, rest, stay, sit, stand
现在分词：
come running/hurrying in get going/chatting/moving
look tempting/promising remain standing/listening
lie dying sit waiting stand looking
过去分词：
appear disappointed/amazed/touched
become annoyed/interested/acquainted
come untied/undone/unwrapped/unfastened/unstitched
feel troubled/distressed/puzzled/upset/exhausted
go unnoticed/unpunished/uncorrected/undetected/unrecorded
grow used/excited/frightened
look/seem startled/concerned/troubled
remain unfinished/unconvinced/unsolved
get absorbed/caught
lie wounded
stay seated/unarmed
rest assured
练习：
1. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _______ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
2. -I'm very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
- Mm. It does have a 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 ed
13. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read
14. We went to see him yesterday evening, him away.
A. finding B. find C. only to find D. found
15. of plastics, the machines are easy to carry.
A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made
Keys: 1-5 DACAB 6-10 BABAD 11-15 ADCCD
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